Method of making garment-pads.



PATENTED JAN.' 30

G. GOLDMAN.

APPLICATION FILED 00T. 25. 1904.

METHOD OF MAKING GARMENT PADS.

Witwen@ PATENTED JAN. 30

G. GOLDMAN. METHOD 0F MAKING GARMENT PADS.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

31 l ues/ton MAJ lttommja CARDING MAG H CARDING MACHINE Witt/104Mo ,l

UNITED sTATns PATENT OFFICE,

' GUSTAV GOLDMAN, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

METHOD OF MAKING GARMENT--PADS;

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. S, 1906.

` Application filed October 25,1904. Serial No. 229,972.

' or mineral fibers or mixtures of these.

The object of the invention is to prowide a continuous process whereby the finished pad may be uninterruptedly manufactured from the raw fiber. ..7

'In many form of garmentand other pads it is desirable that the pads should slope or taper from a certain polnt or a line on its surface toward its ends and sides, and, furthermore, it is desirable in some instances that the fibers constituting the pad should be united together in such a way as to cause them tol constitute an adherent mass without destroying the resiliency of the fibers. Moreover, it l is desirable that the pad when lcompleted should present a smooth and sightly finish, thereby materially enhancing the market value ofthe article. i l

With the object of expeditiously constructing pads of the kind indicated which will be of uniform size and shape, each containing a uniform amount of fibrous material suitably matted or otherwise united together and having the desired taper and finish to the surfaces, the invention consists in forming a sheet or strip of fibrous material preferably with 'a suitable binder between them, subjecting said sheet or stri to treatment for causing the binder to e' ectively unite the fibers into a felted or matted mass and then, if desired, smoothing the surface of said sheet or strip, as by sizing or otherwise, (though this step may in some cases be omitted,) forming transverse channels with sloping walls in the said sheet or strip and then cutting the pads from said channeled sheet or strip. In some instances the transverse channeling of the sheet or striplmay be omitted. A further step in the process is practiced `Where a superior finish is desired to be imparted to the article, which step consists in smoothing or finishing the surfaces of the cut pads, as by treatment with heat and pressure or otherwlse effectively treating the surfaces to present a smooth and sightly appearance.

sure, or the fibers may be laid down in a The particular shape in cross-section of the sheet or strip of fibrous material will depend upon the shape and character of the pad which it is desired to make. In some inthe pad may be triangular in cross-section or of any other desired form which will peculiarly adapt it to the particular pad under constructlon. j Any suitable means for forming the raw fibers intoa matted or felted mass united/by a suitable binder, when such is used, may be employed, and any suitable binding material may be utilized. The raw fibers with a suitable wet binding material between them, such as'sizing, may be laid down by any suitable apparatus, as a carding-engine, and subsequently treated so as to render it effective in binding the fibers together, such as subjecting the sheet to the action of heat and reslbose fluffy condition with a dry finely-divided binding material, such as zincor aluminium resinate, introduced between the fibers, and

. stances the sheet or pad :may be of uniform thlckness in cross-section, while in other cases the mass then subjected to heat and pressure,

whereby the dry resinate is rendered actively effective in binding the fibers into a felted or matted mass.

, Various means may be employed' for im been imparted to them. If it isdesired that the sheet or strip should be one of uniform -width and thickness, "the fibers can be laid films of uniform wi th with the binding'material between the fibers, and the whole then down in a film or a dplurality of superimposed subjected to the action of heat and pressure,` leither with or after the introduction of moisture, as the character of the binder may require. If a sheet or strip of uneven thickness is desired, the same may be obtained by laying the fibers down in a light fiuffy mass with the binding material, 1f desired, be-

I tween them, passing the same into a former,

which will crowd the fibers into the particular shape in cross-section which 1t 1s desired the sheet should have and then the whole subjected to treatment to convert the bmder into an active agent for uniting the fibers. Instead of this the fibers may be laid down in a series of superimposed films, some of which are narrower than the others, and the same so arranged one above the other as to approximate the desired shape in cross-sec .tion which it is desired the finished sheet or strip shall possess, and then when a binder is used treating the same for the purpose of converting the binding material into an active agent, either with or without the use of forming ap aratus for further crowding the fibers into t e desired cross-sectional form. For the purpose of layinfJr the fibers down in superimposed films eit 1er a series of cardingengines each discharging a single film may be employed or the web or film as it comes from the carder of the carding-engine may be divided into a plurality of films, which are so directed by suitable apparatus as to fall one Aupon another in such way as to form a sheet of uneven thickness in cross section*fi. e a sheet` which slopes from some point toward one or both of its edges-after which the sheet or strip thus directed may be preferably sub.- jected to the action of a former and K the formed sheet or strips then treated so as to v rend er the binding material actively effective for uniting the fibers. The film of fibers on the doffer of the carding-machine may be divided in any suitable wa as by means of a cutter, for severing the lm as it leaves the doffer or by removing a series of teeth around the doffer, so that divided lm's will be delivered therefrom, or the same result maybe produced by removing teeth from'the comb operatin in connection with the doffer. As a suitab e means for imparting the desired form in cross-section to the mass of fibers there is sometimes employed a supportingroller above which one or more rollers of conical form are revolved, the action of said rollers being to crowd the material into the form desired. Still another way of obtaining a sheet or strip of uneven thickness consists in la ing down the fibers in asheet or strip of un' orm but considerable thickness with the binding material between the fibers, then treating the Whole so as to convert the binder into an active agent for edecti'vely binding the fibers into a felted or matted mass and then s littin the sheet of fibers along a line, W ich wil divide it preferably into two sheets of the desired cross-sectional form-such, for eX- ample, as into two sheets of triangular form.

in cross-section. Another method of forming a sheet of fibers of uneven thickness in cross-section consists in laying down a film or strip of fibers wider than the desired sheet and subsequently turning over one edge of said film or strip after the manner of forming a hem, thus securing the sheet or strip, a ortion of which is approximately twice as t rick as the other portion. The turning over of said odge or henvlike portion may be accomplished by hand; but referably it is done by feeding a film ofthe ibers directly from the doll`er of the carding-machine and passing it through a suitable chute or guide constructed so as to turn over the portion desired somewhat after the manner of the heunner upon a sewing-machine. Preferably after the edge is turned over the sheet or strip is subjected to the action of a forming device to crowd the fibers into the precise cross sectional form desired.

After the sheet or strip of material has received the desired form in cross-section the surface thereof is liable to present a more or less roughened appearance due to the pro j ection from the surface of the ends of small fibers, and in some instances if it is desired to provide a sheet or strip of superior finish the said sheet or strip is subjected to a smoothing or finishing process. Any suitable means for binding thefibers closely to the surface of the sheet or strip may be employed. For example, the entire surfaces of the sheet may be treated with a sizing and subsequentl treated, as by passing it between heated rol ers for forcing the fibers down into the sur! face .'and smoothing the same, while at the same time drying the sizing; or if the binding material introduced between the fibers is of a character which is rendered soft and sticky by the a plication of heat or moisture the surface o the strip may be subjected to heat or moisture and then passed between suitable rollers, whereb the projecting fibers are pressed into the su ace, where they are seized and retained by the softened binding material. In other cases, if desired, the surface of the sheet may be subjected to a solvent for the binder to soften the latter. For example, if the binder be a resinate, such as aluminium resinate, it may be subjected to the action o f turpentine, naphtha, or other solvent for the resinate, which may be sprayed'or otherwise applied to the surface, after which and while the resinate is thus softened by the solvent the sheet may be subj ected to ressure by assing between heated rollers, w lich will ena le the softened solvent to seize upon the projecting ends of the fibers and retain them smoothly upon the surface of the sheet or strip. After the sheet of fibers has had the desired general cross-sectional form desired imparted thereto in the first instance, and after the binder has been treated to render it actively effective in binding the whole mass together, but before said binder has become finally set, the sheet of fibers may be again subjected to the forming action to give it the identical shape in cross-section which the finished sheet is to have. This second forming step IOO IOS

IIO

may beperformed in 'any suitable manner, as by passing the fibrous sheet between forming rollers. or apparatus which acts to crowd the fibers into the precise form desired, and preferably 1n conjunction with heat which serves not only to soften certain kinds of binders, butalso causes the whole sheet to rapidl dry out, and therefore retain the form Whic has been lmparted thereto. After the sheet has been thus finally formed and had its Surface or surfaces smoothed, if desired, it is preferably permitted to cool or dry out, so as to leave 'the entire mass of fibers securely bound in the desired form. In actual practice this treating or cooling step is preferably accomplished by assing the sheet or strip for a certain desiredp distance along a suitable carrier, Where it is sub'ected to the action of the open air, or, if it is esired, a blast of drying-air may be directed uponthe sheet or strip for more rapidly carrying od any heat or moisture which may be contained therein. After the sheet or stri of material has thus been given the desire cross-sectional form and the fibers thereof bound together and the surface finished pads may be cut directly therefrom, preferably by assing the strip through asuitable machine esigned to stamp out the pads. Preferably, however, before the pads are thus cut from the sheet or strip, and articularly in the manufacture of certain orms of pads, it is desirable to cut certain transverse channels in the stri s, said channels having sloping walls whic correspond to the slope or taper of the pad from its highest point toward one of its edges. This channel may have either a single slo ing wall corresponding to the taper of one pa orits opposite walls may be similar in character, but sloping in reverse directions, thus roviding for the tapering side of'two pads y means of a single trans-verse channel cut in the sheet or stri This transverse channel may be formedp in any suitable way, preferably a suitable skiving apparatus being em loyed, which regularly cuts out the channe s as the strip is continuousl advanced through the same.

The channe s having been skived or otherwise formed in the surface of the strip and the pads having been subse uently cut therefrom, said pads may be t en treated asy a completed article, but preferably they are subjectedto a finishing step for the purpose of smoothing down the surface of the pad which has been rou hened up by the ste of cutting or skiving t e transverse channe in the sheet. This finishing step is performed by treating the pad in such a Way as to render the binding material between the fibers infa condition to seize and retain the roughened surfaces when they are compressed. Preferably, if the binder is a resinate the pads are subjected to the simultaneous action of heat and pressure, the heat serving to soften the resinate and the pressure serving to force the projecting fibers into the surface of the ad, where they are seized by the softened resmate, thus securing a smooth and sightly finish. On the other hand, if the binder employed to unite the fibers is one which 1s not softened by heat, and if it has becomeso set that it will not actively seize the fibers, 1t may be subjected to any treatment for softenlng it and rendering it actively effective for this purpose, such as subjecting it to moisture or other solvent for the particular binder emloyed, after which itwill be subjected to eat and pressure for effecting the desired finish.

It Will be apparent from the foregoing that the sheet or strip of fibrous material may have an desired forrniin cross section imparted to 1t in the manufacture of the stri and that such formation, though prefera ly taking lace before the binding material, when such 1s used, has been rendered activel effective for uniting the fibers, may nevert eless also be performed after the binder has been treated to render it active for this pur ose, or the forming-step may be performed oth before and after the treatment of the binder. Furthermore, it will be apparent that the channeling or skiving-out step may be omitted in the construction of certain forms of ads where the articular slol e or taper res ting from thecffanneling or s ving out is not desired, and it will further appear that where a hi bly-finished pad is not necessary that the al finishing or smoothing step ma be omitted without in any way departing om the spirit of the invention.

A great variety of forms of apparatus may be employed in practicing the process hereinbefore outlined, and for the purpose of more clearly describing the invention some of the forms of -a paratus will be hereinafter described, it being understood, however, that the apparatus thus described is illustrative only, and that an other form or forms of apparatus suitable or the purpose may be employed without departing from the invention.

In said drawings, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a complete apparatus including carding-macliines for laying the fibers down in a light fluffy condition, a duster-box for dusting the dry finely-divided bindin material between the fibers as -they leave t e carding-machines, forming devices, a steam-table for converting the dry binder into an active binding material, formers for a ain subj ectin the sheet to' a forming action a ter the same eaves the steam-press table, solvent-nozzles for applying a sizing or a solvent to the surfaces of the sheet before it is delivered to the finishing-rolls, finishing-rolls for im arting the surface-finish to the sheet, a fan or delivering a blast of drying-air to saidsheet, a skiver for cutting out transverse channels therefrom, a die-press for stamping lout the pads and'a pad-finishing press for IOO imparting a final finish to the pads. Fi 2 is a front elevation, partly in section, 1l ustrating means for imparting a triangular form in cross-section to the sheet. Fig. 3 is 5 a top plan view thereof. Fig. 4 is a top plan lView of a cardingen ine rovided with means for dividing the m de ivered by said engine into two parts, and also with means for winding each of the parts into which it is divided onto a roller, so as to form a sheet of uneven thickness. Fig. 5 is a cross-section on the line 5 5, Fig. 4. Fig. 6 indicates in diagrammatic form a carding-engine and dusting-box for laying the fibers down in a thick I5 mass with binding material between them and formers forimparting the desired crosssectional form to the fibers thus laid down. Fig. 7 illustrates still another apparatus for forming a sheet of uneven cross-section, in which a film as it is delivered from the carding-engine is turned over at one edge, so as to lay down a sheet of fibers twice as thick over a portion of its extent as it is over the other portion. Fig. 8 is a cross-section on the line 8 8, Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a like section on the line 9 9, Fig. 7, land Fig. 10 is a broken perspective View of a sheet of fibers of uniform thickness, indicating the manner in which it may be divided into two sheets of triangular cross-section.

Referring to Fig. 1, reference-numerals 1, 2, and 3 indicate a plurality of carding-engines, here shown as three in number, which may be of any suitable construction for delivering a film of fibers in a light fluffy condition. Each of the films 4, 5, and 6 as it is ydelivered from said engine may have a suitable bindingmaterial, as aluminium resinate, introduced between the fibers from a dusting apparatus 7, after which the films preferably pass between a pair of rollers 8 to slightly compact them. The film 4, delivered from the first carding-engine 1, is preferably of the width of the 'desired sheet of fibrous material and is allowed to fall upon a traveling belt 9, moving in the direction indicated by the arrows. The second film 5 is deposited upon the first film 4', and the third film 6 upon the second film 5. If it is deone of uniform thickness, the films 4, 5, and 6 will all be of the width of the desired sheet;

but in case it is desired that the sheet should` fibers of t e sheet into proper cross-sectional zle 21.

.sired that the sheet to be formed should be` form. Any suitable means may be yemployedfor thus forming the fibers, and, as here shown, the same consists of a suitable supportin -roller 10, above which is a pair of conica rollers 11 and 12, mounted to revolve on axes 13 and 14,which axes are supported, bymeans of universal joints 15 and 16, so that the particular angle at which the rollers are set is capable of adjustment. It willbe observed that the two rollers 11 and 12 may be thus adjusted atan desiredangle-for example, that indicateMin Fig. 2, whereby the spacev between said' rollers and the supporting-roller 10 is that of a triangle, no two of whose sides are lof equal length. The fibers having thus been crowded into the desired cross-sectional form are next transferred, by means of a continuously-moving belt 17, to a steam-press tablel. This table 18 is heated by steam and has revolving above it a series of steam-heated rollers '19. A second belt 20 moves under said rollers, and the fibrous sheet is advanced between the belts 17 and 20, and thereb subjected to the heat and pressure of the ta le 18 and the steam-rollers 19. Preferably the belt 17 is a moisture-carrying belt, and if as the present instance, the binding material introduced between the fibers is a dry finely-divided binder, such belt is supplied with moisture from any suitable source, as from a noz- The moisture of the belt as the latter passes over the table is converted by the heat of the table into steam, and, passing up through the mass of the fibers, serves, in conjunction with the heat of the rollers and the steam itself, to convert the binder into an i active agent for uniting the fibers. In case the binding material between the :fibers is'a wet rather than a dry binder the supply of moisture from the nozzle 21 might be omitted and the moisture-carrying belt 17, instead of carrying moisture to the sheet of fibers for converting the binder into an active agent, may be employed as a means for absorbing moisture from the wet binder in the fibers, and thereby render it effective as a binder. In cases where a bindin material is not employed treatment by it e steam-table may be ormtted, though the introduction among the fibers of hot moisture, as steam, has a beneficial effect in tending to curl the fibers. As

the sheet of material thus treated to render the binding agent effective leaves the steampress table the two belts 17 and 20 as shown "in Fig. 1, are withdrawn from the' sheet, one

in an upward and the other in a downward direction, as will be readily understood, and this is liable to more or less roughen the surfaces of the sheet by reason of fibers which adhere with more or less tenacity to the two belts, and for the purpose of imparting a smooth finish to the sheet of fibers when this is desired they are next passed to finishing apparatus, here shown as a pair of large finbeen completed, and for this purpose the shee't of fi rous material may be kept Warm by any suitable a paratus-for example, a` pair of steam-roiiers 26 and 27, between which the sheet is passed. Moreover, if it is desired to further form the sheet after it has passed the steam-table it may be subjected to the action of a second set of forming devices 28.

In order to impart a fine finish to the surfaces of the sheet of fibers, the same preferably has either a sizing material applied to its surfaces or a solvent for the binder, such sizing or solvent being directed upon the surfaces ofthe sheet in any suitable way, as by the solbe augmented by directin vent-nozzles 29. The surface being either supplied With a sizing or by having the binding material upon the surface softened by a suitable solvent, it is first advanced over the large finishing-roll 22, Where it is subjected to the pressure of the' smaller rollers 24, which act to finish one surface of the sheet, after which it is passed under the other large roll 23 and acted upon by the smaller rollers 25, which effect the finish of the other surface.

After the sheet of fibers leaves the finishing-rolls 22 and 23 it is preferably passed for some considerablel distance through the atmosphere, being transported by any suitable carrier, asabelt 30. This exposure to the external atmosphere permits the sheet to part with its heat and any moisture which may be in the same, thereby securing the effective setting of the binding material. If desired, the action of the external atmosphere may a drying blast from any suitable source o supply, as a fan 31, upon the sheet.

` It will be understood that the rollers 19 of the steam-press table, the steam-rollers 26 and 27, and the rollers 24`and 25, operating in conjunction with the finishing rollers, may have their surfaces partially cut away, so as to substantially conform to the crosssectional outline of the sheet under treatment. j

The fibers having thus been formed intoa sheet of the desired cross-section and the binding material, if it is used, having been rendered effective for uniting the same and retaining them in the form desired, the sheet is next preferably subjected to the action of appawhich channels have sloping walls approximately conforming' to the slo e in o ne direction which it is desired the finished pads shall have. For the purpose of forming the transverse channels desired one form of apparatus which may be employed is a skiver, consisting, essentially, of a roller 32, a portion of whose surface is cylindrical and another portion of which is depressed or cut away, as at 33, while a second cylindrical roller 34 acts to press the sheet of fibersinto continual contact with the surface ofthe skiving-roller 32` As the sheet. of fibers is depressed into the cut away portion 33 of the skivingroller 32 a skiving-knife or cutter 35 acts to cut out the portion 36 ofk the sheet thus forced below the normal level, thereby forming transverse channels 37 in the sheet of fibers. The transverse channels having thus been been formed, the. sheet is next advanced to a die press 38, being preferably supported in its advance to said press by suitable feedingapparatus, as by rollers 39 and 40. The dile-press may be of any suitable character for cutting the ads from a sheet of fibers as the same is a vanced from the skiver. As here shown, it consists 4of a Vibratory platen 41, which acts to force the sheet against a die-cutter .42, the latter being hollow and the pads 43 being forced therethrough and received upon a suitable carrier 44, by which they are 'advanced to any desired point of delivery.

When it is desired to impart a superior finish to the pads, the carrier 44 delivers said pads to a pad-finishing press 45, which consists of a steam-heated roller 46 and a concave steam-heated table 47, between which and the roller 46 the pads are advanced by a continuously-moving belt 48. The heat of the roll 46 and the concave table 47 serves to soften the bindin material if the same is one which is thus so tened under the action of heat, or a solvent may be supplied to the surface of the pads before they are advanced to the finishing-press.

Preferably the pads are advanced through the finishing-pressxtwice, thereby eecting more perfectiinish. For the purpose of returning the pads to the finishing-press after their first treatment thereby a turn-table 49 is employed, which a ain carries the pads around to and delivers t em to the press, from Which IIO they are delivered to a suitable'carrier 50,

which removes them to any desired point of deposit 51.

As shown in Fig. 4, the carding-engine 52 has a knife or cutter 53 adjacent to its doer 54, which acts to divide the film delivered by the latter into two parts, as shown, the` divided films being received by suitable guide pans or ways 55 and 56, which preferably act to crowd the fibers of the film into a mass of desired width at their delivery ends, Where ratus for cutting transverse channels therein, i they are delivered to a roller 57, around which 15o the films are wound. Forl .the purpose of other of whose sides fiiisinclined forming a mass of bers around the roll 57, which will be of uneven thickness, elther the pans may be periodically shiitedfrom one side to the other and then 4back again, or, as shown in the present instance, the roller 5.7 1s itself shifted, While the pans remain stationary. The roller 57 is capable of sliding action on its shaft and is normally held between a cam 58 pressing against one end of the roller, and a spring 59, acting against the 0pposite end. The action of this device is as ollows: Let it beassumed that a sheet or strip of fibers is to be wound around the roller 57, which shall be one foot in Width, and that the middle six inches of the strip -is desired to be the thickest portion, from which portion it is desired that the sheet of fibers shall taper toward each of its edges. Assume that the.

ans 55 and 56 would deliver a film of a uniorm Width of nine inches, and after the roller 57 has made one revolution-say with the portion 6() of the cam 58 in contact with the roller*it is then acted upon by the portion 61 of said cam which is of reater radius than the lportion 60, thereby shifting roller 57 to the eft to the extent of three inches against the tension of spring 59. It will be ap arent that this shifting action of the rollerwil cause the film of fibers being delivered from the pans 55 and 56 to be wound around the roller at a position three inches nearer the righthand end of the roller than when the roller was acted u on by the portion 60 of the cam 58. The ro lerhaving made one revolution with the film in this position, it is then re lieved from the action of the portion 61 of the cam 58, and the s ring 59 again shifts the roller from left to rig t, brin 'ng it again in contact with the ortion 60 o the cam. This action is repeate until a sheet of fibers of the desired thickness is wound around the roller, when the mechanism is stopped and the sheet of fibers severed and removed rom the roller, after which the operation may be repeated.-

If desired, instead of laying a plurality of films of fibers down upon the' carrier, as in Fig. l, a larger or thicker film or mass of fibers y may be deposited by a single operation from one carding-engine, after which the fibers may be forced into the desired cross-sectional outline by suitable forming apparatus. This is illustrated in Fig. 6, in which 62 is a carding-engine, 63 is a continuously-moving carrier for the reception of the mass of fibers, and 64 indicates suitable forming apparatus for imparting the desired cross-sectional outline to the entire mass of fibers. Still another apparatus for forming the fibers into a sheet o uneven thickness in cross-section is illustrated in Fig. 7, in which 65 is the dofler of at a sharp angle inward to the side 67. The sheet of fibers as it is delivered from the dofier 65 is received by the guide pan or chute 66, and the inclined upturned edge 68 of said pan acts to turn over the edge of the film or sheet of fibers, as plainly indicated in Fig. l7, acting somewhat after the manner of the hemmer of a sewing-machine, the sheet as it leaves said' guide pan or chute having substantially the cross-section indicated in Fig. 8. Preferably after the sheet is thus turned over and delivered from the guide pan or chute 66 it is subjected to the action of suitable forming apparatus, as forming-rollers 69 or 70, whereby the fibers are crowded into substantially the positiony indicated in Fig. 9. Various other means or apparatus may be employed for layin down a sheet of uneven thickness; but the i lustration given will be sufficient to illustrate the process. Another way of obtaining a sheet of uneven thickness in crosssection is illustrated in Fig. 10, wherein is shown a sheet 71 of fibers suitably bound together, said sheet being of even thickness in cross-section. It will be readily understood that by dividing said sheet along the line 72 two sheets of triangular form in crosssection would be secured. The sheet 71 may be divided in any suitable way, as by a suitable cutter, preferably a continuously-acting band-knife, against which the sheet is advanced by any suitable feeding apparatus.

It will be apparent from the foregoing that certain of the described steps may, if desired, be omitted in practicing the invention without departing from the spirit thereof. This will belargely determined by the uality of the pad which it is desired to ma e, the character of the fibers employed, and other like considerations. Thus, for example, with certain kinds of staple or fibers the binding material may be omitted and the fibers formed into a sheet or strip of uneven crosssection, from lwhich the pads may be cut either with or without the treatment by the steam-table and the finishing ste s. On the other hand, the binding materia may be introduced between the fibers and subsequently treated, so as to render it effective, the sheet or strip then nished or not, as desired, and after skiving the transverse channels therein the pads may be cut from the skived strip. These examples merely serve to illustrate the fact that modifications m'aty be made without departing from the spirit o the invention and are not meant to prescribe or define the limits of the invention, dependence being placed upon the claims for this purpose.

1. The process of making pads from fibrous IOO IIO

material which consists in laying down a tween the bers, imparting the desired crosssectional form to said sheet` or strip, then subjecting said sheet or strip' to treatment causing the binder to actively unite the bers, and then cutting the pad therefrom.

2. The process of making ads from brous material which consists in ormin the bers into a sheet or stri of the desire cross-s`ec tional form with a inding material between them, then subjecting the same to treatment to render the binder actively effective for unitingthe bers, and then cutting the pad from sald sheet or strip.

3. The process of making ads from brous.'

material which consists in ormin the bers into a sheet or strip of the desire cross-sectional sha e, with a suitable bindin material between the bers, subjecting sai sheet or stri to treatment to render the binder active y effective for uniting the bers, again.

subjecting the sheet to a rming action before the binder has become set, and then cutting the pads from said sheet or strip.

4. The process of making pads from brous material, which consists in shaping the bers into a sheet or strip of the desired cross-sectional form with a suitable binder between y render the binder actively effective for unitfrom brous material whic ing the bers, then nishing or smoothing the surface of said sheet or strip, and then cuttin the pads therefrom.

6. T e process of making pads from brous material which consists in introducing a suitable binder between the bers, then shaping the bers into a sheet or strip of the desired cross sectional form, then subjecting the same to treatment for rendering the binder actively eective for uniting the bers, and then cutting the pads from said sheet or stri 7. The process of makin garment pa s consists in inl troducing binding material between the bers, then laying the bers down in the form of a sheet or strip, then imparting the desired cross sectional form to said sheet or strip, then subjecting the same to treatment for rendering the binder actively effective for uniting the bers, and then cutting the pads from said sheet or strip.

8. The process of making pads which con, sists in introducing a bindin materialI between the bers, then laying the bers down in a sheet or stirp, then im arting the desired cross-sectional form to tlhe said sheet or strip, then subjecting the same to treatment condition wit 'to' render the binder active for effectively uniting the bers, then again subjecting the or strrilp.

9. he process of making pads which consists in laying the bers down in a sheet or stri of the desired cross-sectional form and wit a suitable'binder between the bers, subj ecting said sheet or strip to treatment to ren- 'der thebinder active for uniting the bers, formin transverse channels in said sheet or strip w ose walls are 'inclined on lines corresponding to the taper of a portion of the nished pad, then forming the pads from' said channeled sheet or strip.

10. The recess of making pads of brou material wfii into a sheet or strip of the desired cross-sectional forrn with a suitable binder between the bers, subjectin said sheet or stri tothe action of heat .an pressure where y the binder is rendered actlvely effective for uniting the bers, then nishing or smoothing the surfaces of said sheet or strip, then allowing the binder to set, then forming transverse channels with sloping walls on the surface of said sheet or stri then cutting the pads from said channele sheet or strip, and then nishing the surface of the pads.

11. The process of making pads from brous material which consists in laying down the bers in a sheet or strip with a suitable binder between them, then forcing the bers into the desired cross-sectional form for the sheet or strip, then subjecting said formed* sheet or strip to heat and pressure whereby the binder is rendered actively' effective for uniting the bers, then subjectin the strip to further forming action before t e binding material sets, then forming transverse channels with sloping walls in said sheet or strip, then cutting the pads from said channeled sheet or strip, then nishing or smoothing the surface of the pads.

12. The process of' making pads from brous material which consists in laying down a sheet or stri of the bers in a llght uffy h a suitable binder between them in the form of then imparting the desired cross sectional form to said sheet or strip, then sub'ecting the same to treatment for rendering t e binder actively effective for uniting the bers, then subjecting the s'urfaces of the sheet or strip to treatment for softening the binder on the surfaces, then subjecting the said sheet or strip to pressure whereby projecting bers are forced into the softened binder on the surfaces thereby ch consists in shaping the bers IIO smoothing the surfaces of the strip, and then ing the desired cross-sectional form to said ,l sheet or strip, then subjecting the same to heat and pressure for renderin the binder eHective-in uniting the fibers, t en finlshlng o'r smoothing the surface of said sheet or str1 before the binder is completely set, then a lowin the binder to set, and then cutting the pads om said sheet or strip.

14. The process of making pads from fibrous material which consists in laying the fibers down in a sheet or strip with a suitable binder between them, imparting the desired cross-sectional form to said sheet or strip, subjecting the same to heat and pressure whereby the binder is rendered active for uniting the fibers, then smoothing and finishing the surface of the sheet before the binder has become fully set, then permitting the binder to set, then forming transverse channels with sloping walls in said sheet or strip then cutting the pads from said channeled sheet or strip.

15. The process of making pads yfrom fibrous material which consists in layinggthe fibers down in the form of a sheet or strip with a suitable binding material between them, imparting the desired form to said sheet or stri subjecting it to heat and pressure for ren eiing the binder active for uniting the fibers, then finishing or smoothing the surface of said sheet or strip before the binder has become entirely set, then permitting the binder to set, then forming transverse channels with sloping walls in said sheet or strip, then cutting the pads from said channeled strip, and then smoothing the surfaces of the cut pads.

16. The process of forming pads from fibrous material which consists in laying the fibers down in a sheet or strip with a finelydivided resinate between them, imparting the desired cross-sectional form to said sheet or strip, then subjecting it to heat and pressure whereby the resinate is rendered active for uniting the fibers, then smoothing the surface of said sheet or strip, then forming transverse channels with sloping walls therein, and then cutting the pads from said channeled strip.

17. The process of forming pads from fibrous material which consistsin laying the fibers down in a sheet or strip with a finelydivided aluminium resinate between them, then subjecting said strips to heat and pressure whereby the aluminium resinate is rendered active forbinding the fibers together, then forming transverse channels with sloping/walls in said sheet or strip, and then cutting the pads from said channeled strip.

18. The process of forming pads from fibrous material which consists in forming the fibers into a sheet or strip with an inert binder between `the fibers, converting the binder into an active binding -agent, then forming transverse channels in said sheet or strip, and then cutting the pads fromsaid channeled sheet or strip. l 19. The process of forming pads from fibrous material which consists 1n forming the fibers into a sheet or strip of uneven crosssection and uniting them by a suitable binder then cutting the pads from said sheet or s rlp.

20. The process of making pads from fibrous' material which consists 1n forming the fibers into a sheet or strip of uneven crosssection, and then cutting the pads from said sheet or strip.

21. The process of making pads from fibrous material which consists in forming the fibers into a sheet or strip of uneven crossy section, then forming transverse channels in said sheet or strip, and then cutting the pads from said channeled sheet or strip.

22. The process of making pads from fibrous material which consists in forming the fibers into a sheet or strip of uneven crosssection, then finishing the surface of said: sheet or strip, and then cutting the pads therefrom. f

23. The process of making pads from fibrous material which consists 1n forming the fibers into a sheet or strip of uneven crosssection, then forming transverse channels in said sheet or strip, then cutting the pads frdm the channeled sheet or strip, and then finishing the surface of the ads.

24. The process of ma 'ng pads from fibrous material whichconsists 1n forming the fibers into a sheet or strip of uneven crosssection, then finishing the surface of said sheet 'or strip, then forming transverse channels therein, and vthen cutting the pads from said channeled sheet or stri 25. The process of making pads from fibrous material which consists in forming the fibers` into a sheet or strip of uneven crosssection, then finishing the surface of saidy sheet or strip, then forming transverse channels therein, then cutting the pads from said channeled sheet or strip, and then finishing the surface of the pads.

26. The process of making pads from fibrous material which consists in laying the fibers .down in a light fluffy condition in the shape of a sheet orstri then forming said sheet or strip so that it lias an uneven crosssection, then making transverse channels in the sheet or strip, and then cutting the pads therefrom.

27. The process of making pads from fibrous material which consists in laying the fibers down in a light fiufiy condition in the shape of' a sheet or stri then imparting an uneven cross-sectional form to the sheet or strip, then subjecting said sheet or strip to the action of heat and moisture, then again IIO subjecting itto as forming action to further impress the uneven cross-sectional form thereon, and then cutting the pads therefrom.

28. The process of making pads from fibrous material which consists in laying the iibers down in alight fluffy-condition in the shape of a sheet or stri then imparting an uneven cross-sectional orm tothe sheet or strip, then subjecting said sheet or strip to the action of heat and moisture, then again subjecting it to a forming action to further impressthe uneven cross-sectionalformthereon, then forming transverse channels in said sheet or strip, and then cutting' the pads from said channeled sheet'or strip..

29. The process of makingfpacls from fibrous material which consists in la the bers down in a light lujy condition in the shape of a sheety or strip, imparting an uneven ,cross-sectional form to the sheet o r zo strip, subjecting the sheet orfstrip to the act1on of heat and moisture, and then cutting the pads therefrom. V Y Y In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribz 5 ing Witnesses. 1 I

n GUSTAV GOLDMAN. Witnesses:

REEvE' LEWIS,

FREDERICK A. HoLToN. 

